![]() There are many middle-range and micro-range theories in sociology. Sociological theory is developed at multiple levels, ranging from grand theory to highly contextualized and specific micro-range theories. What's more, it is an explanation of one phenomenon with another: part of the reason why civic engagement has declined over the last several decades is because people are watching more television. The relationship is an inverse one - as one goes up, the other goes down. In this case, the concepts are civic engagement and television watching. This element of Putnam's theory clearly illustrates the basic purpose of sociological theory: it proposes a relationship between two or more concepts. The more television people watch, the lower their involvement in civic life will be. While there are a number of factors that contribute to this decline (Putnam's theory is quite complex), one of the prominent factors is the increased consumption of television as a form entertainment. Putnam found that Americans' involvement in civic life (e.g., community organizations, clubs, voting, religious participation, etc.) has declined over the last 40 to 60 years. An example of a sociological theory is the work of Robert Putnam on the decline of civic engagement. In other words, a theory is an explanation for why or how a phenomenon occurs. A theory is a proposed relationship between two or more concepts. Sociologists develop theories to explain social phenomena. ![]() ![]() 6.4 Black Feminist Thought and Queer Feminism.6.3 Radical, Separatist, and Cultural Feminism.
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